M. C. Rajah

Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai Rajah
Born June 17, 1883(1883-06-17)
St. Thomas Mount, Madras
Died August 20, 1943(1943-08-20) (aged 60)
St. Thomas Mount, Madras
Occupation legislator, political activist, politician

Rao Bahadur Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai Rajah (Tamil: மயிலை சின்ன தம்பி பிள்ளை ராஜா) (b. June 17, 1883-d. August 20, 1943) was a Dalit politician, social and political activist from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Rajah was born in a poor Dalit family of Madras. He entered politics after graduation and was the leader of Dalits in the Justice party. However, he quit the party in 1923 over the party's treatment of Dalits and allied with B. R. Ambedkar before separating. Rajah died in 1943. In his heyday, Rajah was considered to be a person equal in stature to Ambedkar. Rajah along with Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan represented the Dalits at the Second Round Table Conference in London.

Contents

Early life

Rajah was born to Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai in 1883[1] at St Thomas Mount, Madras.[2][3] Chinna Thambi Pillai was the manager of Lawrence Asylum.[4] Rajah had his schooling at the Wesley Mission High school, Royapettah[4] and Wesley College.[5] He graduated from Madras Christian College.[2] and worked as a school master.[6]

Non-Brahmin movement

Rajah joined politics at an early age and was elected president of the Chingleput district board.[7] In 1916, he became the Secretary of the Adi-Dravida Mahajana Sabha.[8] He was one of the founder-members of the South Indian Liberal Federation. Rajah was elected to the Madras Legislative Council as a Justice Party candidate during the first general elections held in November 1920.[5][9] He was elected Deputy Leader of the Justice Party in the house.[10] Rajah was the first member of the Dalit community to be elected to the Madras Legislative Council.[10] In 1922, Rajah passed a resolution demanding that the terms "Paraiya" and "Panchama" be dropped from official usage and instead be substituted with "Adi-Dravida" and "Adi-Andhra".[8]

In 1921, the Justice Party government of the Raja of Panagal introduced reservations for backward classes in government jobs. However, this act did not allocate quotas for Dalits.[11] Disenchanted, Rajah led a delegation of Dalits to protest the act and press their demand for inclusion. But the Justice Party did not respond.[11] Instead, when riots broke out in Puliyanthope the same year, top-ranking Justice Party leaders regarded the Government's policy of appeasement of Dalits responsible for the strike.[12] Outraged at this, Rajah quit the party in 1923.[11][12] He remained a member of the Madras Legislative Council till 1926. In 1928, he created and became the president of the All India Depressed Castes Association. From 1926 till 1937, he was a member of the Imperial Legislative Assembly. During April–July 1937 he was the Madras Presidency's Minister for Development in the short lived interim provisional cabinet of Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu.[13]

Parting of ways with Ambedkar

In 1932, M. C. Rajah concluded a pact with two right-wingers in the Indian National Congress, Dr. B. S. Moonje [14][15] and Jadhav. According to this pact, Moonje offered reserved seats to scheduled castes in return for Rajah's support. This demand prompted B. R. Ambedkar to make an official demand for Separate electorates on an all-India basis.

Death

Rajah died on August 20, 1943 at his house in St. Thomas Mount (Rajah Street).[7]

Publications

Notes

  1. ^ Reed, Stanley (1929). The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who. Bennett, Coleman & Co.. pp. 114. 
  2. ^ a b Paswan, Sanjay; Pramanshi Jaideva (2002). Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India. Kalpaz Publication. pp. 178. ISBN 8178350661, ISBN 9788178350660. 
  3. ^ Chandra, Romesh; Sangh Mitthra (2003). Dalit Identity in the New Millennium. Commonwealth Publishers. pp. 91. ISBN 8171697658, ISBN 9788171697656. 
  4. ^ a b Kshirasagara, Ramachandra (1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956: 1857-1956. M. D. Publications. pp. 302. ISBN 8185880433, ISBN 9788185880433. 
  5. ^ a b Indian Bibliographic Centre Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre (2000). Dictionary of Indian Biography. Indian Bibliographic Centre. pp. 348. ISBN 8185131155, ISBN 9788185131153. 
  6. ^ Chandrahekar, S. (1995). Colonialism, Conflict, and Nationalism: South India, 1857-1947. Wishwa Prakashan. pp. 110. ISBN 8173280401, ISBN 9788173280405. 
  7. ^ a b Natesan, G. A. (1943). The Indian Review. G.A. Natesan & Co.. pp. 425. 
  8. ^ a b Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: Rise of lower castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 169. ISBN 1850656703, ISBN 9781850656708. 
  9. ^ NMML Manuscripts: An Introduction. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. 2003. pp. 410. ISBN 8187614056, ISBN 9788187614050. 
  10. ^ a b Sen, Siba Pada (1972). Dictionary of National Biography. Institute of Historical Studies. 
  11. ^ a b c Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: Rise of lower castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 175. ISBN 1850656703, ISBN 9781850656708. 
  12. ^ a b Mendelsohn, Oliver; Marika Vicziany (1998). The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty, and the State in Modern India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94. ISBN 0521556716, ISBN 9780521556712. 
  13. ^ Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968. 
  14. ^ Pritchett. "Rajah, Rao Bahadur M. C.". University of Columbia. http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/ambedkar/web/individuals/6750.html. Retrieved 2009-01-05. 
  15. ^ Kothari, R. (2004). Caste in Indian Politics. Orient Blackswan. pp. 46. ISBN 8125006370, ISBN 9788125006374. 

External links